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Gnuplot is commonly used as the plotting backend in other packages. For instance plotting in octave is handled by sending gnuplot commands to gnuplot via a pipeline. When running octave using octave-mode in Emacs, plotting is done by sending a gplot command to the running octave process. An example of an Emacs lisp package which uses gnuplot for plotting is Calc -- the GNU Emacs calculator. It also plots by sending gnuplot commands directly to gnuplot.
Emacs modes which need to supply a plotting interface and which use gnuplot for that purpose may benefit by using gnuplot-mode. Rather than sending gnuplot commands directly to gnuplot, those commands can be written to a buffer in gnuplot-mode. Then the contants can be sent to gnuplot using gnuplot-mode's gnuplot-send-buffer-to-gnuplot function.
This adds the overhead of writing to and maintaining the gnuplot script buffer, however is adds value for the user. By using gnuplot-mode as the plotting backend, the user gets a picture and a gnuplot script which can be modified and replotted.
Gnuplot-mode has several variables which may be useful to a mode which uses gnuplot-mode as its plotting backend.